Birgus latro · 可動標本結構設計Posable specimen design

椰子蟹可動標本設計圖Posable Coconut Crab Specimen

以真殼為模具，在每一節內部做補強內襯與配重芯，節與節之間用預埋金屬關節串接。殼本身不鑽孔，所有結構都從天然關節膜的開口進出。Each real shell segment serves as its own mould: a reinforcing liner and a weighted core are built inside it, and segments are linked by embedded metal joints. The shell is never drilled; everything goes in and out through the natural joint-membrane openings.

個體Specimen 成體雄蟹約 1.5 kgadult male, ~1.5 kg 頭胸甲Carapace 長 128 × 寬 129 mm128 × 129 mm 左螯掌節＋指Major chela 94 mm 站姿腳尖距Standing foot span 約 35 cm~35 cm 格線Grid 5 cm
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拖曳旋轉 · 雙指縮放 · 點部件看做法Drag to rotate · pinch to zoom · tap a part
點選任一部件，查看內部做法Tap any part to see how it is built inside

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單節剖面：步足長節 → 腕節Section: walking-leg merus → carpus

沿腳的長軸縱切。轉軸方向垂直於畫面，必須對準甲殼兩側天然支點的連線，轉動範圍才會和活體一致。Longitudinal cut along the leg. The pivot axis runs into the page and must line up with the two natural pivot points on either side of the shell, so the joint moves through the same arc as in the living animal.

轉軸 ⟂ 畫面，對準天然支點pivot ⟂ page, on natural pivots 長節 merusmerus 腕節 carpuscarpus 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
  1. 1
    原殼Original shell全程不鑽孔，只從關節膜開口處理Never drilled; all work goes through the joint-membrane openings
  2. 2
    AB 補土內襯Epoxy-putty liner揉入鐵粉，壓貼內壁，和殼黏成一體Iron powder kneaded in, pressed onto the inner wall, bonds to the shell
  3. 3
    配重芯Weighted core環氧樹脂混鋼珠，分層灌注每層 1–2 cmEpoxy with steel shot, poured in 1–2 cm layers
  4. 4
    預埋舌片（黃銅）Embedded tongue (brass)根部被配重芯包死，前端伸出開口Root locked in the core, tip exits through the opening
  5. 5
    肩螺絲＋碟形墊片Shoulder screw + disc springs在關節縫隙內鎖上，可調鬆緊Fastened inside the joint gap; friction is adjustable
  6. 6
    U 型夾片Clevis預埋在下一節，夾住舌片Embedded in the next segment, straddles the tongue
  7. 7
    假關節膜（矽膠）Faux joint membrane (silicone)最後覆蓋螺絲並上色Covers the screw; painted last

部件清單Parts schedule

沿天然關節分件。越靠近身體的部件配重越重、關節越大；末端只做內襯，避免腳尖過重擺不住。Parts split at the natural joints. The closer to the body, the heavier the fill and the larger the joint; leg tips get a liner only, so they never become too heavy to hold a pose.

組件Assembly數量Qty每支節數Segments填充Fill關節Joints
身體核心（頭胸甲＋腹面胸甲）Body core (carapace + sternum)1—玻纖布＋加重補土內襯＋環氧鋼珠灌實，最重Fibreglass, weighted putty liner, epoxy + steel shot; heaviest partL各腳安裝座leg sockets
大螯（左大右小）Chelipeds (left larger)26全部配重Fully weightedL×4 M×1 （可動指）(movable finger)
步足（第 2–4 對）Walking legs (pairs 2–4)66基部兩節重、中段中、末端兩節只做內襯Heavy at the base, medium mid-leg, liner only on the last twoL×2 M×2 S×1
第五對步足Fifth legs2—人造替換件ReplicaMAG
腹部Abdomen1—軟腹翻模，樹脂複製品Soft abdomen moulded, cast in resinM可收折folds
觸角、眼柄、口器Antennae, eyestalks, mouthparts6—人造替換件，原件另外保存Replicas; originals archivedMAG

L M3–M4 肩螺絲＋碟形墊片；M Ø1.5–2 mm 黃銅軸或 M1.6–M2 螺絲＋矽膠墊片；S Ø0.8–1 mm 黃銅線緊配合；MAG 小型釹磁鐵卡榫，方便拆換。L M3–M4 shoulder screw + disc springs; M Ø1.5–2 mm brass pin or M1.6–M2 screw + silicone washer; S Ø0.8–1 mm brass wire, interference fit; MAG small neodymium magnet mount for easy swapping.

製作順序Build order

  1. 拍照編號後分件Photograph, label, separate每節標左右與順序（如 L2-3），沿關節膜切開，殼不動。Tag every segment by side and order (e.g. L2-3); cut only through joint membranes.
  2. 清潔與徹底乾燥Clean and dry fully灌實後無法回頭，殘留組織會發臭發霉。Once filled there is no going back; leftover tissue will rot or mould.
  3. 做內襯Build the liner頭胸甲先貼玻纖布；各節壓貼混鐵粉的 AB 補土。Fibreglass inside the carapace; iron-filled epoxy putty pressed into each segment.
  4. 試裝關節件Dry-fit joint hardware先定位、測活動範圍，確認轉軸對準天然支點。Position it, test the range of motion, align pivots with the natural pivot points.
  5. 灌注配重芯Pour the weighted core慢乾型灌注樹脂分層灌，包死關節件根部。Slow-cure casting epoxy in layers, locking in the hardware.
  6. 組成次組件Sub-assemblies每支腳、每支螯各自串好，調整摩擦力。Join each leg and claw on its own and tune joint friction.
  7. 總組裝Final assembly身體 → 步足 → 大螯 → 腹部 → 替換件。Body → legs → claws → abdomen → replicas.
  8. 假關節膜與補色Membranes and paint矽膠覆蓋螺絲，壓克力補色，上保護漆。Silicone over the screws, acrylic touch-up, protective varnish.

比例依據Where the proportions come from

3D 模型的尺寸以 1.5 kg 雄蟹推算，不是憑印象畫的。實體量測後應以你那隻的數字為準。Model dimensions are derived for a 1.5 kg male from published measurements, not drawn by eye. Once the real specimen is measured, its numbers take priority.

項目Item數值Value依據Basis
胸甲長 TLThoracic length (TL)57 mm雄蟹體重回歸式 W = 0.022·TL2.749 代入 1,500 gMale regression W = 0.022·TL2.749 at 1,500 g
頭胸甲長／頭甲長／胸甲寬Carapace / cephalic shield length, thoracic width128 / 71 / 129 mm同族群平均值依 TL 等比例縮放Population means scaled by TL
螯：掌節＋指、掌寬、可動指、長節Chela: propodus, palm width, dactyl, merus左 94／55／54／62 mm
右 71／42／43／60 mmL 94 / 55 / 54 / 62 mm
R 71 / 42 / 43 / 60 mm		雄蟹螯部異速生長式Male cheliped allometry equations
第 2–4 對足各節Legs 2–4, each segment見點選資訊see part details雄蟹各節平均長度比例，以螯長節換算Male segment-length ratios, scaled via cheliped merus
基節、底坐節、第五對足、腹部Coxa, basis-ischium, leg 5, abdomen估計值estimated文獻未量測，依形態描述估算Not measured in the papers; estimated from descriptions

資料來源：Sources: Anagnostou & Schubart 2014, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology · AACL Bioflux 11(5), 2018 · Coenobita Species: Birgus latro